Malthusian Population Theory

Thomas Robert Malthus was the first person who spoke about problem of population growth. Population Theory was the first theory for population study which was published by Malthus. At that time British government as well as entire European government haughty to expand their colony so they wanted to adequate military force and economy. Therefore, they were towards the aspect of population growth in order to get the both military force and economy. In other hand, many industrial hosts also wanted to expand their industrial activities for enough profit. So they wanted more people in their state for work in industrial field. European learnt William Godwin, Buffon, Mostesque were also aspect of population growth. At that time population growth had been increasing in rapidly as a result there started to decline the facilities of living support things day to day. Therefore there were divided clearly seen two class society poor and rich in that period. Poor class people were being poorer there had started to see lack of food problem. Other side rich class people were being richer and richer. Malthus was studied this situation in nearly and he found out the cause of entire problems was by poor and unemployment and he declared that the control of population growth was the better measure to solve the problem. 

He published his essay on the principle of population in 1798 including the measure solution of population growth and occurring problems. He said that in his essay population growth was harmful. But his that opinion was criticism rapidly at that time. After than, he improved his concept, weakness and deficient on first essay and published next essay "An essay on the principle of population as it affects for the future improvement of society" this essay is known as the complete theory of Malthus.

Two postulates of Malthusian Theory

 First, food is necessary to the existence of men.

Second, the rage between the sexes is necessary and will remain nearly in its present state.

Interpretation of Malthusian Theory:

Population growth rate:

Nature gives the rage for all the living creature for get continues their race or species. So man also not rid from this system, man has as more rage capacity so man highly involve in sexual intercourse. Thus, highly sexual intercourse creates high birth rate because they have more fecundity capacity so giving offspring is increase in geometrical ratio, 1:2:4:8:16:32:64:128 like this and population is double every in 25 years.

Food Growth Rate:

The size of land is limited. Food can not produce as population growth ratio but food is necessary to man for live. So, there starts degradation of land production as a result food production increase arithmetical ratio.

Thus, the geometrical growth ratio of population growth rate as fast leaps the arithmetical growth ratio of food production while increasing them and brings food problem. These problem could not be solved by the human effort if not there would be horrible hazard, disaster events, awful and hindered situation may creates by nature.

Malthus's measure of check for population growth

Malthus said that population growth would be control by human effort which is better, presented the population growth check measure in two ways which are as follow:

Natural checks:

Malthus said that when the population growth is high and imbalance between population and food at that situation to make less in imbalance the nature itself brings flood, landslide, earthquake, cholera, epidemic, lack of nutrition food, scarcity of food for long time, drought that decline and kills man and population become less and being balance between population and food. 

Malthus believed that nature is powerful and it itself can control the population if there is lack of human efforts to control growth of population.

Preventive checks:

According to Malthus the population growth control is more horrible and awful by nature, so human should be active and use artificial checks itself to control population growth. He gave two systems for to control population; a) Moral Restraints, according to this view, to get delay marriage, celibacy, self-control, not to give births are the moral restraints measure it helps to bring down the birth rate. b) Artificial Restraints, according to Malthus, prostitution, abortion and an unshackled intercourse could be a powerful incitement to early attachments. He advised that women to remain unmarried till the age of twenty-eight. He regarded the artificial birth controls as vice or sin.